Spot facing reamer



Feb. 11, 1958 c. H. BENNIIETT I 2,822,607

SPOT FACING REAMER -tnbe-installation and finishing tools. culiarlysuitedl-for the 'removal'of a worn or damaged' in- -jector tube, theinstallation of a new tube, and the finishing of the newly installedtube so that his as serviceable as the'injector tubes installed at thefactory when SPOT FACING REAMER Cliiford H. "Bennett, Jackson, Mich.,assignor .to *Kent- Moore Organization, Inc., Detroit, Mrch., a corpora-.tionof Michigan Application March 26, 1954, Serial No. 418;,820

2 Claims. (Cl. 29-103) This invention relates to reaming tools, and,more particularly, to a spot-facing reamer.

In many of the modern diesel engines of today, the fuel is injected intothe combustion chamber by means of a fuel injector device which ismounted in the cylinder-head of the engine. An injector nozzle, part ofthe injector device, opens into the combustion chamber through a port inthe cylinder head. Becausethe injector frequently extends across orthrough a water-cooling passageway in the cylinder head, it is necessaryto sealthe water in the passageway from contact with the injector andalso prevent leakage of the water from'the passageway down along theinjector and into the combustion chamber of the engine. To prevent suchleakage of water into the combustion chamber around the injector, wherethe injector enters the combustion chamber, and

also to prevent direct contact of the water with thein- 1 jector, theinjector is encased in what may be-termed 'an injector tube.

The tube is made of copper or some other malleable metal. It "frequentlybecomes worn or damaged, or loosens up from its seat in the cylinderhead, permitting water to leak into the combustion chamber ofthe-engine.

In this event the tube must be replaced. "Ininsta'lling a new injectortube in the cylinder head, itO replace a defective one, the tube isplaced in the cylinder head-to extend across or through the waterpassageway from the upper surface of the cylinder head to the combustion"chamber surface thereof. The'tip of'the-injector tube 'extendsbeyondthe combustion chamber surface oftthe cylinderhead and is reamed overagainst the cylinder desirable to perform this operation withoutcutting-into the surface of the cylinder head surrounding the-tube:tjip. Toremove such excess portion 'of'the'tip without cutting into thecylinder head, Irhave providedthe novel spot-facing-reamer hereindisclosed.

My spot-facing reamer is one tool of a set of injector 'The set is petheengine was built. p 7

object of the invention is the provision .of a spotfacing reamer whichis particularly adapted for the removal of the excess flared. end of aninjector ,tubelsoas to make the tube tip fl ush with thecombustionchamber surface .of the cylinder head.

-Another object of the invention is the provision of a reamer .of theaforesaid character having a smoothtsuriiaceiapj'lo-t P n pt d to e intedin-therendeof ice the injector tube to guide the reamer during the.spotfacing operation.

Another object'is the provision of a spot-facing reamer having radiallyextending cutting teeth which are relieved Lalong theircutting edges ata determinedpoint so as .to form a scraping shoulder adapted to abut thesurface 'of the cylinder head adjacent the tube tip .and preventthereamer from cutting away the metal of the cylinder head.

.A meritorious feature is the provision of aspot-facing reamer adaptedto .be .mounted in power or hand-.op-

era tedtool holders, and which reamer "is provided with cutting teeth soshaped as to limitthe depth to which thevreamer'may'cut during thereaming operation.

. Advantages of my'invention are'that: It eliminates the hand-filing oftheinjector tube tipsto make them flush with the cylinder head; it doesnot require a special drill press *butean be operated in a hand tool;time .for performing the'entiretube tip finishing operation is .ma-'teria'lly reduced;

Other objects, advantages, and-meritorious features will becomemorefully apparent from the following specifica- *tion, claims,anddrawings, wherein:

Fig. 1is a-cross-sectionalview through an injector tube andcylinder-head,- and showing my spot-facing reamer after the completionof the reaming operation;

=Fig. :2 is a-perspective view of my spot-facing reamer;

Fig. S -is an end view of my spot-facing reamer showing'" the cuttingteeth thereof; 30

"in Fig.3;

Fig; 4- is=a cross-sectional view taken on the line 4.-"4

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional viewtaken at the "1ine'f5 5 I "Fig. 6 is across-sectional view through :the"injector -tube t-ipa'fter'it hasbeen'flared 'against'the cylinderhead and before it has beenspot-reamedwith my improved reamer.

T=his inventionis intended prirnarilyfor use" a the. a

ishing of-an injector tube 'tipof 'an injector tube which has beeninstalled in a cylinder head to replace .a worn :or .damaged 'injectortube previously removed from'fthe rcy linder head. 1 When 't-he-new-injector tube 'isinstall'efd in -the icylinder -'hea'd to replace thedefective one, the tube dip-projects beyond -the combustion chambersurface .-.of the cylinder head, Which-surface is indicated in the.drawings as 'l fb. The .injector-tubeis indicated as 1'2 ian'd -thetubetip is ind-icatedas -14. The ,lower end .of the I tube tip is flaredover against the surface "10 of ijthe linder head, with the flaredoverportion of the tube -tip indicated as 1 6 in *Fig. 6. it'isnecessary.,toflare overthe --tube -tip to :prevent water, or ,a coolingjjfluid,

*whichflows through thepassageway 1 f .thecylinder fhead20, from leakinginto the combustion chamber by passing around the tube-tip. Theinjectortube, as shown in Fig.;1, exten'ds'-through'oracross the water.pass'ageaway r12=of the cylinder "head,--- and it is :obyious that--un:less:provision -issmade "for preventing the .water in thepassagewayfrom creeping down around the tube and into thecombustionchamber, such' is bound to (occur. '-I he-upperenjd -of=-thetube-is sealed against the' cylinder zseate'dwithin -a-'-reeessedportion 23 of the cylinder head The tip of the-injeetortubeprojectsbelow thegsurface of the- =cylinder head through a port 22iormed in the -cylinder' head. A djaeentthe openiugqf port.22',' thr ughthe surface 1 0, *theiwalls of --the port are beveled as at 2.4, =andwhen the tube ti-p is flared 'overjaga'inst the .cylin- "den-head, thetube'ti-p is forced outwardly and against of the body in a press fit.

tube tip.

Heretofore it has been the practice to remove such excess portion of thetube tip by hand-filing. When the engine is built atthe factory and thetubes are installed in the cylinder head, special machinery, similar toa drill press, is used. This machinery is present so that upon itsoperation it will remove the excess portion of the tube tip, withoutcutting away any of the surface .10 of the cylinder head surrounding thetube tip. Also, heretofore, various spot-facing reamers have been tried,but in each case, unless the mechanic was extremely careful in theoperation of the reamer, he would remove a portion of the cylinder headas well as removing the V bevel of relief 46, the edge 58 of the relief52, which forms an extension of the line 44 indicating the cutting 52that will contact a workpiece before any point along the excess tubetip. After a number of tubes have been installed in a cylinder head overa period of years, if, with each installation, a portion of the cylinderhead adjacent the tube tip is removed, eventually the beveled wali24 ofthe port 22 will be cut away and the tube tip will not properly seatadjacent the opening of port 22 through the surface 10 of the cylinderhead.

My improved reamer shown in various figures includes a body portion 26and a pilot portion 28. One end of the body 26 is shaped as at 30 to beengaged by a hand or power-operated reamer driving tool. The endcylindrical in shape as at 32. The body is axially bored as at 34 toreceive the pilot member 28. The pilot is provided with a shoulder 36adapted to abut the end of the body. The pilot is received within thebore 34 That portion of the pilot projecting beyond the end of the bodyhas a smooth outer surface. The end of the pilot is beveled as at 38 sothat it is readily received within the tube tip as shown in Fig. 1.

The end face of the body adjacent the pilot is shaped to provide fourradially extending cutting teeth generally indicated as 40. The teethare separated from each other by radially extending grooves whose wallsare indicated at 42 and 50. The cutting edge of each tooth of therelieved portion or bevel 46 of the teeth, they are relieved again as at48. The relief 48 is at a greater angle of bevel than is the relief 46as shown in Figs. 2

and 5. The surface 42 rises from the lower edge of the forward side 50of each tooth to the rear edge of the bevel or relief 48 of the nextadjacent tooth. The forward side of each cutting tooth is hookedslightly as at 50, as shown in Fig. 5.

Adjacent the radial extremity of each tooth, it is relieved or beveledas at 52 and 54. The relief 54 of each tooth is circled round andadapted to abut the chamfer '24 of the cylinder head as hereinafterdescribed. The

relief 52 is beveled along an angle opposite to the angle of bevel ofthe relief 46. The relief 52 intersects the relief 46 along the line 56.That portion of the upper surface of the tooth along line 56 forms ascraping edge which is adapted to abut the surface 10 of the cylinderhead adjacent the tube tip and prevent the reamer from cutting away anymore of the tip after the scraping shoulder abuts the cylinder head.Because of the fact that the relief 52 is beveled on a reverse angle tothe edge of the reamer as shown in Fig. 3, is not itself a cutting edge.In other words, the edge 58 of the relief 52 does not cut any metal asthe reamer is rotated against the end of the tube tip. The only cuttingedge of each tooth is the edge 44, .n'1d this terminates at the point ofintersection with line 56. a

The reason edge 58 is not a cutting edge is that there is always a pointon the surface of the relief 'or bevel edge 58 will contact theworkpiece. Therefore, the edge 58 is never permitted to contact theworkpiece because the surface of bevel 52 will hold the edge away fromthe workpiece.

The relief 52 intersects the relief 54 along the line 60 as clearlyshown in Fig. 3 and viewed in perspective in Fig. 2. Because the reliefs52 and 54 are beveled in opposite directions, the line 60 is higherthaneither-of the surfaces 52 or 54. Because of the particular shape ofthe cutting teeth as described hereinabove, when the pilot 28 isinserted in the end of the injector tube, and the cutting edges 44 arebrought into contact with the excess portion of the injector tube, suchcutting edges will serve to tip of the injector tube has been reamedflush with the surface 10 of the cylinder head. The relief 52 along theline cylinder head and prevent the reamer from cutting to any greaterdepth. The relief 52 and the line of intersection v 56 merely scrapeagainst the cylinder head without cutting of intersection 56 of therelief 52 and 46 abut the it. This is shown in Fig. 1 wherein thecutting edge 44 where it meets the cutting edge 44 is in abutment withthe cylinder head surface 10 at that point at which the bevel 24 of theport 22 opens through the surface 10.

With the line of intersection 56in abutment with the cylinder head, thereamer cannot be forced to any greater 1 depth than that shown inFig. 1. After the reaming operation is completed, the reamer iswithdrawn from the injector tube.

What I claim is:

1. A spot-facing reamer for use in a tapered port opening through aworkpiece comprising: a body member having the rear end adapted to beengaged by a driving tool I and the forward end having a face exhibitinga plurality of radially. outwardly extending cutting teeth each havingits upper face beveled toward a radially extending edge -ofthe tooth toform a cutting edge therealong, the upper face of eachv toothadjacentthe radial extremity of the tooth being beveled on an angle opposite theangle of the 'first bevel-and inclined radially outwardly and toward therear end'of the body to form a scraping shoulder having a non-cuttingedge on the tooth radially outwardly of the cutting edge, said scrapingshoulder adapted to abut the 'taperediwall'of the'port in conjunctionwith which the to the insertion of the reamer in the ing the rear endadapted to be engagedby a driving tool .and the forward end having aface exhibiting a plurality of radially outwardly extending cuttingteeth each having its -upperface beveled toward a radially extendingedge of the tooth to form a cutting edge therealong, the upper face ofeach tooth adjacent the radial extremity of the tooth being beveled onan angle'opposite the angle of the first bevel 'and'inclined'radiallyoutwardly and toward the rear end of the body to form a non-cutting edgeon the tooth radially outwardly of the cutting edge, and said beveledportions of the upper surface of each tooth intersecting along alineextending backwardly away from said cutting edge and forming ascr'apingsurface adapted to abut the tapered wall of the port in conjunction withwhich the reamer is used radially outwardly of the cutting edge andlimit the insertion of the cutting edge into the workpiece.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS434,068 Parmelee Aug. 12, 1890 6 Nieman Dec. 1, 1914 Glenzer Feb. 21,1922 Lewis Apr. 25, 1922 Spitz June 30, 1936 Sochia Jan. 3, 1950

